A check valve (one-way valve) is an automatic device that prevents backflow in piping systems. It opens under forward fluid pressure and closes automatically—by gravity or spring force—when flow reverses. Common types include swing, lift, and butterfly; materials range from cast iron to stainless steel. With good sealing and low resistance, check valves are widely used in water supply, HVAC, industrial lines, pump outlets, and gas systems to protect equipment and ensure safe unidirectional operation.